Perfect Detail CWAP-404 Explanation Covers the Entire Syllabus of CWAP-404

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section	Objectives
Protocol Analysis - 15%
Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods	- Select capture devices Laptop protocol analyzers APs, controllers, and other management solutions Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices) - Install monitor mode drivers - Select capture location(s) - Capture sufficient data for analysis - Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed - Capture roaming events
Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools	- Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions	- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting	- WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types	- Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probable causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution
Spectrum Analysis - 10%
Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers	- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware - Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views Real-time FFT Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views Utilization and duty cycle Detected devices WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues	- RF noise floor in an environment - Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal - Sources of RF interference and their locations - RF channel utilization - Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures	- Identify various 802.11 PHYs DSSS OFDM OFDMA Channel widths Primary channel - Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures Frequency hopping devices IoT devices Microwave ovens Video devices RF Jammers Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions	- AP-based spectrum analysis - Sensor-based spectrum analysis
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%
Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)	- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) - OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - ERP (Extended Rate PHY) - HT (High Throughput) - VHT (Very High Throughput) - HE (High Efficiency) HE SU PPDU HE MU PPDU HE ER SU PPDU HE TB PPDU HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers	- Pseudo-Header formats Radiotap Per Packet Information (PPI) - Key pseudo-header content Guard intervals Resource units allocation PPDU formats Signal strength Noise Data rate and MCS index Length information Channel center frequency or received channel Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types	- Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%
Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation	- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis	- Management, Control, and Data frames - MAC frame formats and contents Frame Control field To DS and From DS fields Address fields Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field - 802.11 Management frame formats Information Elements Authentication Association and Reassociation Beacon Prove Request and Probe Response - Data and QoS Data frame formats - 802.11 Control frame formats Acknowledgement (ACK) Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) Block Acknowledgement and related frames Trigger frames VHT/HE NDP announcements Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis	- Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates and coding schemes - Beacon interval - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT/VHT/HE operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Passing Score	70%
Exam Code	CWAP-404 CWAP
Number of Questions	60
Exam Registration	PEARSON VUE
Exam Name	Wireless Analysis Professional

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CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q68-Q73):

NEW QUESTION # 68
What is the function of the PHY Preamble?

A. To set the modulation method for the MPDU
B. Allows the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal
C. To terminate a conversation between transmitter and receiver
D. Carries the NDP used in Transmit Beamforming and MU-MIMO

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY preamble is to allow the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to adjust its parameters, such as frequency, timing, and gain, to match the incoming signal. The PHY preamble also helps the receiver to estimate the channel conditions and noise level. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4:
802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100

NEW QUESTION # 69
You must report on frame types seen on the WLAN. You want to list the frame types by both name and binary value.
What frame type is represented by the binary value 011010, which includes the Type and Subtype values?

A. Authentication
B. Beacon
C. Association Request
D. PS-Poll

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 70
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?

A. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
B. In the MBR Action frame
C. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
D. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates andExtended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124

NEW QUESTION # 71
How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?

A. The VoIP phone transmits a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame
B. The VoIP phone sets the More Data bit in the MAC Header to 1
C. The VoIP phone transmits a WMM Action frame
D. The VoIP phone transmits a PS-Poll frame

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
A VoIP phone, using WMM Power Save, requests data frames buffered at the AP by transmitting a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame. WMM Power Save is a power saving mode that allows a STA (station) to conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. WMM Power Save is based on WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia), which is a QoS (Quality of Service) enhancement that provides prioritized and differentiated access to the medium fordifferent types of traffic. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a trigger frame to the AP, indicating its AC (Access Category), which is a logical queue that corresponds to its QoS level. A trigger frame can be either a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame, depending on whether it has any payload or not. The AP then responds with one or more data frames from the same AC as the trigger frame, followed by an ACK or BA (Block Acknowledgement) frame from the STA. The other options are not correct, as they are not used by a VoIP phone using WMM Power Save to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is used by a STA using legacy power save mode, not WMM Power Save mode, to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll frame does not indicate any AC or QoS information. Setting the More Data bit in the MAC header to 1 does not request any data frames from the AP, but indicates that there are more data frames to be sent by the STA or received by the STA.
Transmitting a WMM Action frame does not request any data frames from the AP, but performs various management actions related to WMM features, such as admission control, parameter update, etc. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
198-199

NEW QUESTION # 72
Given: The exhibit shows a small network environment with dual-band APs.

What is true of the network shown in this spectrum analyzer trace?

A. There are at least three APs operating in this environment.
They are operating on channels 149, 153, and 161.
B. There are two 40 MHz BSSs in this environment.
One AP has some 40 MHz traffic while the other AP has no client traffic.
C. Two 802.11a APs are near the spectrum analyzer and are heavily utilized on channels 149 and
153.
D. Only one AP in this network is configured to use the upper UNII band (UNII-3).
All other APs are in lower 5 GHz channels.

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 73
......

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PERFECT DETAIL CWAP-404 EXPLANATION COVERS THE ENTIRE SYLLABUS OF CWAP-404

Perfect Detail CWAP-404 Explanation Covers the Entire Syllabus of CWAP-404